The Comprehensive Examination is an important part of your matriculation process since it is geared to assessing your understanding of the significant content and process areas of our Master’s Degree Program. This examination is required by our various accrediting bodies and is a means whereby these bodies evaluate our program. From the Student Handbook:
In addition to the required courses and a total of 60 semester hours, all students must pass a final written comprehensive examination. Students are eligible to sit for this examination during the semester in which they have completed or are concurrently en- rolled in all required courses (with the exception of Internship). The Final Comprehensive Examination is given toward the end of Fall and Spring semesters. The M.A. degree will not be awarded until students have passed this examination.
Comprehensive Examinations will normally take place on a Friday in March (Spring Semester) and November (Fall Semester), and will occur in two 2 hour blocks, from 9 AM to 11 AM (followed by a 15 minute break) and from 11:15 AM to 1:15 PM. You will be notified of the exact date and location. You must register to take this exam as early in the semester as possible.
The examination consists of 12 questions, six for each of the two-hour periods, of which you must select five to answer from each period. The optional questions will come from non-required areas. The required content areas will include Counseling Theory, Counseling Skills, Medical Aspects, Individual Evaluation, Concepts and Applications, Social and Cultural Foundations, Psychopathology, and Legal and Ethical Standards and Issues. Additional questions may come from any of the other content areas of required courses. These areas will be rotated and may include Personality Theory, Human Growth and Development, Human Sexuality, Substance Abuse, Career and Lifestyle Assessment, Group Theories and Practice, and Research.
As preparatory work to study for this exam, students are encouraged to review copies of former exams available both on the Departmental website and as hard copies in the Departmental office.
Each question is graded on a five point scale for a possible total of 50 points. Students must achieve a minimum score of 30 in order to pass. The questions are graded immediately after the completion of the exam and the results are mailed by the end of that day. Exams are to be written in blue or black ink. Please note that the Comprehensive Exam is graded on a Pass/Fail basis. Individual scores are not disclosed.
Any student with a disability or requiring special accommodation must notify the department at the time of registration.
Previous Comprehensive Examination Questions
Spring 2006
#1 – Foundations (Ferrandino)
What skills would you consider to be most important in your “toolbox” of Interpersonal Counseling Skills? List at least five, explain why they are important, and give an example of each from your own professional experience.
#2 – Social &
Cultural Foundations (Richard)
You are a counselor for persons with disabilities at a
community college counseling center. A
24-year-old married, Hispanic female, mother of one, age18 months, has
self-referred for services. She is 12
months post injury having a L3-L4 spinal cord injury. At the time of injury she was taking her
child to her mothers as she was on her way to work. Her child suffered multiple injuries
including a head injury, which has left her needing attendant care on an
ongoing basis. She reports that she
blames herself for the wreck as she was driving too fast at the time it
occurred. She states that she continues
to have feelings of shame, is often sad and has frequent headaches. Her doctor has told her the headaches are
stress-related and not related to her injury.
She is attending the community college to learn medical
transcription. She reports that she can
do this work from home and still provide her daughter with some of the
attendant services needed. She has been
in the
As a counselor what are the primary issues and or concerns you would want to address?
#3 – Medical Aspects (Kelley)
Choose three (3) of the disabilities listed below and do the following: (a) describe signs and symptoms associated with each; (b) describe functional limitations imposed by the disability; and (c) describe psychosocial limitations or challenges that one must grapple with in the adjustment process.
1) traumatic or acquired brain injury
2) epilepsy
3) cancer
4) rheumatic diseases like RA or lupus
5) neuromuscular disease like MS or ALS
6) musculoskeletal impairments like low back injuries
7) sensory impairments like blindness or deafness
#4 – Human Growth
and Development (Dudell)
Please identify
Erik Erikson’s eight (8) stages of growth and development, and identify the
life tasks associated with each stage.
#5 – Counseling in Community Settings
(Wright)
Identify and discuss the major factors from the early 1900s to the present that influenced community counseling. Address the following issues in your response: (a) historical overview of community counseling; (b) professional organizations that contributed to its development; (c) current and emergent influences on community counseling (e.g., Managed Care); and (d) credentialing. Cite references from the professional literature to support your responses.
#6 – Concepts
and Applications (
Trace attitudes
toward, and treatment of, persons with physical disabilities and psychiatric disorders
from 1960 to present.
#7 – Evaluation & Assessment (Rasch)
1) The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 is the most widely used instrument for assessing psychopathology. Ten basic clinical scales are always obtained. Which of the following is one of these scales?
a) Agoraphobia
b) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
c) Psychopathic Deviate
d) Schizoaffective Disorder
2) The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III has a mean IQ of 100 for all age groups. What is the standard deviation for all the age groups?
a) 10
b) 15
c) 20
d) 25
3) A counselor collecting information about a consumer’s family history, educational history, drug and alcohol use, legal history, and past treatments would be obtaining a:
a) Mental Status Examination
b) Global Assessment of Functioning Rating
c) Functional Assessment Rating
d) Psychobiosocial History
4) A subject has a score of 80 on a test that has a standard error of measurement of 5. What is the 95 % confidence band for the subject’s true score?
a) 75 to 85
b) 70 to 90
c) 65 to 95
d) 60 to 100
5) When a test has gained professional acceptance for measuring what it claims to measure, and has become a standard by which newer tests claiming to measure the same would be judged it has:
a) Construct Validity
b) Criterion Validity
c) Content Validity
d) Concurrent Validity
6) The Strong Interest Inventory and Self-Directed Search use John Holland’s Occupational Themes. Which of the following is one of these themes?
a) Expressed Interests
b) Numerical Aptitude
c) Enterprising
d) Analytic
#8 – Counseling
Theories (Emener)
Assume that you are working as a counselor at a rehabilitation/mental health center. A new client, Mary, has been referred to you. Mary is a 24 year old, Caucasian female, who lost her left leg six months ago in an automobile accident. For the past month she has been living in her mother’s house, has not gone out except for doctor’s appointments, and has been very depressed. During your first interview with Mary, she says to you, “Work? No one would want to be around me. I only have one leg; I’m half a woman.”
Briefly answer
the four following questions:
1) How would Albert Ellis explain Mary’s “problem”?
2) Using an Ellis approach, what would you do to help Mary?
3) How would Victor Frankl explain Mary’s “problem”?
4) Using a Frankl approach, what would you do to help Mary?
#9 – Research (Kelley)
Identify and describe three (3) reasons why training in scientific thinking and methodologies are important for rehabilitation/mental health counselors.
#10 – Psychopathology (Kelley)
Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health disorders encountered by professional counselors. With regard to these anxiety disorders, do the following: (a) list all disorders in the mood disorder classification, and (b) describe standard pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy approaches for the disorders.
#11 – Ethics
(Charlés)
As a therapist in an inner-city community based counseling center, you are responsible for seeing clients who present for numerous types of problems. Six weeks ago you started working with a 28 year old Asian female client who presents in your session tonight with the following symptoms: helpless/hopelessness, despondent and occasionally unresponsive to your questions, states “I don’t want to be in this world anymore,” and feels close only to her mother, who is recently deceased. Upon further questioning, you learn the client has never attempted to hurt herself, but has come as close as sitting on the bathroom floor with a razor. She trusts you and voluntarily comes to therapy; however, she is hesitant to ask friends or family for help as she fears she might lose her kids.
Answer the following:
1) Describe how you would assess client’s lethality or risk of further self-harm at this point.
2) What are the potential legal and ethical issues in this case and how would you address them with the client?
3) What other things might you do to address your clinical and ethical responsibilities?
#12 – Human Sexuality (Dudell)
According to the
presentation on sexual enhancement, identify the eight (8) barriers to satisfying
sex. Please provide an example for each of
these barriers.
#13 – Career and Lifestyle Assessment (Wright)
Define and discuss “career development” and the major
factors that influenced its inception and emergence. Include in your response: (a) historical development of career
counseling; (b) the characteristics of at least two vocational development
theories; (c) the future of work in
#14 – Group/Substance Abuse (Emener/Richard)
Identify and briefly comment on three (3) major
differences between: (a) an AA Group and (b) a personal growth group run
by a professional counselor.
Previous Comprehensive Examination Questions
Fall 2005
#1 – Counseling Skills
In detail, address the following items: (a) explain the concept of Active Listening; (b) list and explain at least five of the specific Active Listening Skills; and (c) give at least two case examples of how you have used Active Listening in some recent counseling situations.
#2 – Concepts and Applications
Vocational evaluation is a critical component of the overall rehabilitation process. Briefly respond to the following items regarding the vocational evaluation process: (a) explain the purpose of the vocational evaluation process and describe the type of client most likely to be referred for an evaluation; and (b) list and describe each step in the process, explaining the importance of each.
#3 – Social and Cultural
You are a counselor at an urban rehabilitation center. A 26-year-old, married, Hispanic male, father of three (ages 1, 4 and 7) has self-referred for services. He is 12 months post injury having L3-L4 level paralysis (i.e. he is not able to use and does not have sensation in his legs, but can use his arms and hands) the result of a shooting in a gang related incident. At the time of injury he was a construction worker, and had just left the job site when the shooting occurred. He was not part of a gang, but does admit he was in the neighborhood attempting to buy some marijuana and further admits to being an occasional user. He reports his primary reason for seeking services is to return to work as his family is poor and it is his responsibility to provide for the family. He is a legal alien and is eligible for your services.
As his counselor address primary issues and/or concerns which you may need to explore, related to his disability. In the context of disability, in detail, explain the impact and relatedness you might anticipate for each of the following: (a) culture, (b) gender, (c) developmental issues/ onset of disability, and (d) identify other concerns you might have.
How might the above concerns interrelate and what impact might that have on your counseling approach?
#4 – Ethics and
Substance Abuse
Briefly answer each of the following questions: (a) what is the role of ethics in counseling, and (b) what ethical issues would be pertinent to running a substance abuse group?
#5 – Medical Aspects
Problems surrounding pain disorders are among the most prevalent in primary care medical settings. With regard to these, in detail, do the following: (a) distinguish between chronic pain vs. other forms of pain problems, (b) identify two (2) disabilities that are associated with pain and describe (1) physical functional limitations imposed by the disability, and (2) psychosocial limitations or challenges that one must grapple with in the adjustment process.
#6 – Counseling Theory – IP-II
A client named
Briefly answer each of the following four questions: (a) theoretically, how would a Rogers-oriented therapist explain his or her strategy for working with this client – basically, what would be his or her theoretical approach?; (b) provide a counselor's response to this client that would demonstrate a Rogerian therapist's theoretical strategy for helping her; (c) theoretically, how would an Ellis-oriented therapist explain his or her strategy for working with this client – basically what would be his or her theoretical approach?; and (d) provide a counselor's response to this client that would demonstrate an Ellisonian therapist's theoretical strategy for helping her.
#7 – Human Sexuality
Describe in detail Helen Singer Kaplan’s human sexual response cycle. Provide and define one example of a sexual dysfunction associated with each stage.
#8 – Research
Briefly explain the differences between quantitative and qualitative research
in: (a) purpose, (b) approach, and (c) results.
#9 – Counseling in Community Settings
In detail, identify and discuss the major factors that influenced community counseling from the early 1900s to the present. Address the following issues in your response: (a) historical overview of community counseling; (b) professional organizations that contributed to its development; (c) current and emergent influences on community counseling (e.g., Managed Care); and (d) credentialing. Cite references from the professional literature to support your responses.
#10 – Career and Lifestyle Assessment
Discuss in detail “career development” and the major factors that influenced its development. Include in your response: (a) the historical development of career counseling; (b) at least two vocational development theorists who influenced career development; (c) some examples of standardized testing and their role in career development; and (d) the strengths and weaknesses of the internet in career development. Cite references from the professional literature to support your responses.
#11 – Psychopathology
Identify and briefly describe three (3) mental
health disorders that can be considered “trauma syndromes,” i.e., have an
origin in trauma such as violence, childhood sexual or physical abuse,
emotional/psychological abuse, natural or man-made disasters, torture, etc.
#12 – Human Growth and Development
In detail, compare and contrast the traditional and life-span perspectives on human growth and development. Describe the seven basic characteristics of the life-span approach.
#13 – Evaluation and Testing
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is the most widely used psychometric instrument for the assessment of psychopathology, and over the years a number of scales have been developed using its item base. Describe in detail what this test “looks like” in terms of items and format. What are the basic clinical and validity scales, and what do you know about each? How would you explain to a client why you were asking them to take this test? Why would a counselor want results from the MMPI-2 and how might they help beyond a clinical assessment interview?
Previous Comprehensive Examination Questions
Spring 2005
#1 - Social & Cultural Foundations
You are a counselor at an urban mental health center. A 31-year-old married, African American male, father of two (ages 4 and 7) has self-referred for services. He is 12 months post injury having suffered a L-3-L-4 spinal cord injury, the result of a shooting. The event occurred when he stopped for gas late one night and the perpetrators shot him as he entered the store. At the time of injury he was a driver of heavy equipment for a highway construction company. He reports his primary reason for seeking services is that he cannot return to work, and is depressed as he can no longer provide for his family. Further, he reports a history of alcohol abuse which has worsened since his injury. As a mental health counselor, thoroughly address the primary issues and or concerns which you may need to explore, regarding his disability as it may or may not regard his: (a) culture; (b) gender; (c) developmental issues/onset of disability; and (d) identify other concerns. How might the above concerns interrelate and what impact might they have on your counseling approach?
#2 – Foundations of Mental Health Counseling
What would you consider to be the most important in your “toolbox” of Relationship Building Skills? List at least five, thoroughly explain why they are important, and give an example of each from your own experience.
#3 – Legal & Ethical Issues
Tom and Lina, a couple who moved to the United States from Peru 13 years ago, are voluntarily coming to therapy with a complaint of marital difficulties due to Tom’s persistent jealousy throughout their marriage. They are in their mid-thirties, with a teenage son and an 11 year old daughter. Both work in white collar jobs. After two sessions, you find out that Tom has hit Lina in the past, most recently about one month ago when he slapped her on the face after accusing her of having an affair. In great detail, answer the following: (a) describe how you would assess risk of future dangerous behavior at this point; (b) what are the potential legal and ethical issues in this case and how would you address them with the client; (c) what other things might you do to address your clinical responsibilities?
#4 – Medical Aspects of Disability
Choose three of the disabilities listed below and thoroughly do the following: (a) describe signs and symptoms associated with each; (b) describe physical functional limitations imposed by the disability; and (c) describe psychosocial limitations or challenges that one must grapple with in the adjustment process.
· traumatic or acquired brain injury
· spinal cord injury
· epilepsy
· neuromuscular disease like M.S. or ALS
· cancer
· cardiovascular disorders
#5 - Individual Evaluation & Assessment
The basic definition of test validity is that the test measures what it claims to measure, and for test reliability that it measures consistently. For this question, briefly identify and describe the different subtypes of validity and reliability.
#6 - Group Theories
List the stages of group development and briefly describe each.
#7 – Human Growth & Development
Erik Erickson identified eight stages of development across the human lifespan. Briefly identify and describe the different stages of development.
#8 – Human Sexuality
Briefly respond to the following: (a) define paraphilia and give an example of one form of paraphilia.
#9 - Research
Briefly explain what the differences are between quantitative and qualitative research in: (a) purpose; (b) approach; and (c) results.
#10 - Psychopathology
Briefly identify three mental health disorders that can be considered “trauma syndromes”, i.e., have an origin in trauma such as violence, childhood sexual or physical abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, natural or man-made disasters, torture, etc.
#11 – Counseling Theories
Consider the three following theorists: (1) Rogers; (2) Freud; and (3) Perls. In detail, answer the following three questions: (a) how are these three theorists similar, from an a priori, fundamental perspective; (b) how are these three theorists different, in terms of how an individual develops a neurosis and gets in trouble; and (c) how are these theorists different, in terms of how a counselor would help a client struggling with a neurosis and in trouble?
#12 – Concepts & Applications
Thoroughly delineate the major components of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act and the 1973 Rehabilitation Act; describe the way(s) in which vocational rehabilitation counselors apply these laws in everyday practice; and cogently synthesize the impact these laws have on persons with disabilities.
#13 – Career& Lifestyle Assessment
In detail, discuss “career development” and the major factors that influenced its development. Include in your response: (a) major factors that influenced the history of career counseling; (b) at least one vocational development theory that influenced career development; (c) the role of standardized testing in career development; and (d) the role of computers in career counseling.
#14 – Counseling in Community Settings
Discuss community counseling and the factors that influenced its origin and development. Thoroughly address the following issues in your response: (a) historical overview of community counseling; (b) deinstitutionalization; (c) professional organizations that contributed to its development; and (d) current and emergent influences on community counseling (e.g., Managed Care).
Previous Comprehensive Examination Questions
Fall 2004
#1
As
a therapist in an inner-city community based counseling center, you are
responsible for seeing clients who present for numerous types of problems. Six
weeks ago you started working with a 28 year old indigent, uninsured female
client who presents in your session tonight with the following symptoms:
Helplessness/hopelessness, lack of interest in family and friends, states she
no longer wants to be “in this world,” has had thoughts of slashing her wrists
on the bathroom floor, and feels close only to her mother, who is recently
deceased. Upon further questioning, you learn the client has never attempted to
hurt herself, but has come as close as sitting on the bathroom floor with a
razor. Client is connected to you and voluntarily comes to therapy, however,
she is hesitant to ask friends or family for help as she fears she might lose
her kids.
Answer the following: a) Describe how you would assess client’s lethality or risk of further self harm at this point, b) What are the potential legal and ethical issues in this case and how would you address them with the client?, c) What other things might you do to address your clinical responsibilities?, and d) What would be appropriate community resources, legal considerations, etc.?
#2
Consider
each of the following five, alphabetically listed counseling theorists: 1)
Consider
conducting an in-depth, intake counseling session with the following
individual:
Alice, 56 year old Hispanic woman, a
waitress at a restaurant with an attached lounge, recently went through a
divorce and has custody of her two teenage children, has been abstinent for the
past year, is attending a local junior college to earn her A.S. degree, has
been attending her AA meetings regularly, and comes to see you today because,
as she tells you, “I have a number of personal issues associated with my
alcoholism that I want to address”.
In terms of your conducting an in-depth,
intake counseling session with Alice:
(a) explain why each of the above five theorists (theoretical
approaches) could be appropriate with Alice; and (b) offer (write out)
responses (one per theorist) that could be appropriate in a counseling session
with Alice that would be indicative of each of the five theorists.
#3
Discuss the major mandates of three of the most influential pieces of legislation passed over the past five decades. Delineate the primary differences between the three. Discuss the impact of each on the field of rehabilitation in general and on the lives of people with disabilities in particular.
#4
In two class lectures, and in two of the textbook chapters, there was comprehensive coverage of the physiological and psychological effects of alcohol on the individual who uses, abuses, and/or becomes dependent on alcohol. Write a brief essay on the medical aspects of alcoholism. Discuss the agent, host, and environment. This would include basic metabolism, effects on tissues, organs and systems, and the resultant pathological effects.
#5
Career and lifestyle assessment is an important role and function of the rehabilitation counselor. Identify and discuss the major historical events, legislation and some examples of theories that influenced the development of career and life style assessment. In addition, identify and discuss the major components of a career and life style assessment. Include in your response the tools of assessment and the individual characteristics (e.g., interest, aptitude) you would include in your assessment. Be sure to indicate how your assessment would address the needs of special populations (e.g., individuals with disabilities, women, and people of color).
#6
You
are a counselor at a rural rehabilitation center. A 26-year-old married,
Hispanic male, father of 2 (ages 4 and 7) has self-referred for services. He is
12 months post injury having an amputation of both legs above the knee
resulting from a farming accident. At the time of injury he was a migrant
worker, and was at work when injured. He reports his primary reason for seeking
services is that he wants to return to work as his family is poor and it is his
responsibility to provide for the family. He is a legal alien and is eligible
for services.
As
a counselor address primary issues and or concerns to which you may need to
explore, related to:
1) disability as it may or may not relate to, (a) culture, (b) gender, (c) developmental issues/ onset of disability, and (d) identify other concerns; and 2) how might the above concerns interrelate and what impact might that have on your counseling approach?
#7
Demonstrate an understanding of group dynamics by
describing: 1) how norms develop and what norms are effective and ineffective
for the group setting; 2) how group members’ roles develop and how role
performance impacts (facilitates and hinders) group development; and 3) the
relevance of this "here and now" process in group interaction to real
life.
#8
Validity and reliability are important concepts in both testing and research. Why are they so important? What problems develop when either is weak? Offer a basic one or two sentence definition for each concept (validity and reliability). Then explain: 1) what are the different types of validity (identify and define them), and 2) what are the different types of reliability (identify and define them).
#9
Bev and Marcus have been married
for almost nineteen years. Both are
professionals, well-educated, and have twins who are graduating from high
school later this year. They sought
counseling about six months ago but agreed that “‘Dr. Know-It-All’ didn’t help
one bit.” They are seeking couples
counseling due to the following difficulties: 1) Bev
is concerned about their waning sex life.
She described Marcus as having a very low sex drive. Bev noted that
their sex life is “like the
Please respond to the following: 1) what do you want to learn and/or determine during the initial session, 2) when taking the sexual history of this couple, what information is important, 3) identify the primary treatment goals in working with Bev and Marcus, and 4) identify appropriate community referrals, readings, or other adjuncts to couples counseling.
#10
Explain the concept of Active Listening. Why is it important and useful in counseling? What are some of the specific Active Listening skills? Identify and define the different Active Listening responses. What are its limitations and when might it be problematic? Give at least two case examples of how you have used Active Listening in a counseling situation.
#11
Rheumatic diseases (e.g., rheumatic arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, systemic lupus, scleroderma) are thought to be virally induced and autoimmune in that the body, after exposure to the virus, begins to attack itself. These diseases effect soft parts of the musculoskeletal system as well as other body systems and share many characteristic symptoms and signs, functional limitations, and psychosocial issues. With regard to these chronic illnesses, do the following: 1) list 3 symptoms and signs, 2 functional limitations, and 1 psychosocial problem experienced by people who have rheumatic diseases; 2) identify 2 medical treatment modalities (either traditional or alternative medicine) which are currently being used with these disorders; and 3) address counseling considerations relevant to persons with these illnesses.
#12
Mood
disorders are among the most prevalent mental health disorders encountered by
rehabilitation and mental health professionals.
With regard to this classification, do the following: 1) list all
disorders in the classification; 2) describe standard pharmacotherapy and
psychotherapy approaches for each disorder; and 3) discuss comorbidity issues implicated in the more severe
disorders.
Previous Comprehensive Examination Questions
November 14, 2003
1. (a) Discuss current social, medical, technical and economic trends impacting the field of rehabilitation counseling AND cogently project the impact of each trend on the practice of rehabilitation counseling, (b) Discuss how federal rehabilitation legislation enacted between 1970 and 1990 addressed similar trends.
2. Anxiety and mood disorders are the most prevalent
disorders encountered by rehabilitation/mental health professionals. Choose one
of these classifications and do the following:
(a) List all disorders in the group.
(b) Describe standard pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy approaches for each
disorder.
(c) Discuss ways in which symptoms of these disorders would interfere with
psychosocial and/or occupational functioning (be specific)
3. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Society of Addictive Medicine (ASAM), a category under the American Medical Association (AMA), have determined that alcoholism is classified as a disease. Counselors dealing with clients who have substance abuse issues find that these clients do not know that alcoholism is classified as a disease, and that they will either argue against this, or use it to manipulate treatment. One of the best tools to have the client accept the need for treatment is to present them with why alcoholism satisfies the "disease concept", be prepared for arguments against it, and be able to present alternatives. Please discuss the seven major points of alcoholism that allows it to satisfy the classification of a disease. For each point, give reasons why it is important and show how it impacts both the individual and perhaps society. Also, discuss the disadvantages involved with adopting the "disease concept", and how you would counter these arguments.
4. Create a client/counselor dialogue starting with the client presenting a problem. Give examples in this dialogue (and label them as such) of the counselor using the following:
4. a paraphrase
5. a feeling reflection
6. an open question
7. a closed question
8. an informational question
9. an encouraging response
5. You are a counselor at an urban community mental health center. The Vocational Rehabilitation counselor for an African-American male has referred him to you for "adjustment counseling" and "screening" for depression. The young man, married, age 22, is an L-3, L4 paraplegic, and was rendered unemployed as a carpenter. His disability is the result of a recent (6 months) shooting. The shooting, by police, occurred when he shoved an officer after being stopped for a traffic violation and attempted to get in his car and drive away. He presents as hostile and apprehensive about speaking to you. However, he is articulate and describes himself as very tentative about having to be involved with another "white man's" organization.
A. As a counselor, address primary issues related to the following:
1. Onset of disability as it may or may not relate to culture;
2. Systemic and/or personal pathological issues possibly related to:
a. Depression
b. Suspicion
c. Hostility
3. To what would you attribute each of #2 (a., b., and c.)
B. To what extent should you consider yours or his level of cultural identity development? Defend your response.
C. Briefly discuss how "multiple oppressions" may be an issue in this scenario.
6. During a counseling session with one of your 25 year old clients, Sandra, she says to you, "Ever since Robert and I ended our relationship three months ago, I just have been a ‘home-body'. I really want to go out and meet people, especially if I could meet a nice guy, but when I am invited to parties and gatherings I chicken out. I find some excuse not to go."
For this COMP question, write two brief, yet cogent and thorough essays:
1. In this essay: (1) Identify a cognitive therapist whose theoretical approach to counseling and therapy could be helpful to Sandra. (2) Within this theoretical approach, What specific technique could be helpful with Sandra? And (3) Theoretically, Why would this approach and this technique be helpful with Sandra?
2. In this essay: (1) Identify a behavioral therapist whose theoretical approach to counseling and therapy could be helpful to Sandra. (2) Within this theoretical approach, What specific technique could be helpful with Sandra? And (3) Theoretically, Why would this approach and this technique be helpful with Sandra?
7. Choose four of the disabilities listed below and do the following: (a) describe signs and symptoms associated with each, and (b) describe physical, functional and psychosocial limitations imposed by each.
1. Systemic lupus (SLE)
2. Traumatic or acquired brain injury
3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
4. Spinal cord injury
5. Blindness/low vision
6. Deafness/hearing impairment
7. Epilepsy
8. Multiple sclerosis (MS)
8. You are doing career counseling with a person involved in a workers compensation civil action. Her attorney is asking you to determine future employability. The client is a 46 year old white female with right and left hand carpal tunnel involvement. She has had surgeries, one on each arm, with no reported relief. She has a high school diploma, and 22 years experience as a secretary with the same insurance company. She has had just this one job, and has been unable to return to work due to her disability since her company fired her. She lives in a small rural town. Further, she is divorced and the mother of two teenagers.
a. How would a transferable skills assessment be beneficial in this
situation?
b. What is a labor market survey and would it be beneficial in this situation?
Why or why not?
c. What assessment and/or information resources would prove useful and why?
d. How might secondary gain be involved in this situation?
9. As a therapist in an inner-city community based counseling center, you are responsible for seeing clients who present for numerous types of problems. Recently, you started working with a family in which the 9-year old daughter presents with the following symptoms: enuresis at school, refusing to bathe regularly, and lying to her parents. The parents' main complaint is the child's grades; however, you've suspected disciplinary problems and possible physical or sexual abuse, given the girl's symptoms. In tonight's session, the stepfather states things were "out of control" last week. The mother agrees, saying she "busted" the daughter's nose. Upon further questioning, you learn the mother bloodied the 9-year old's nose by slapping her. Finally, the mother states she had to walk away from her daughter, because she "wanted to pummel" her.
Answer the following:
Describe your next line of questioning at this point.
1. What are the potential legal and ethical issues in this case?
2. How would you address these concerns?
10. The Human Sexuality course noted several psychological, sexual, and interpersonal consequences of childhood sexual abuse. Please identify these consequences.
What are some of the therapeutic conditions you want to establish with a survivor of early sexual abuse? What are some of the goals of this type of counseling?
11. Identify the eight (8) developmental stages of
Erikson's model of human growth and development. Provide a description of the
specific developmental tasks of each stage. In addition, please discuss:
1. the role of early attachment as "the blueprint" for intimate relationships
in early adulthood.
12. Two major types of assessment procedures based on interviews with consumers are the:
(1) Mental Status Examination, and
(2) Psychosocial (or Biosocial) History
When or under what circumstances are each of these assessment procedures useful? What are they designed to determine, and how do they potentially advance or help in treatment? Identify and describe the areas which are covered in each.
Previous Comprehensive Examination Questions
March 28, 2003
1. Social and Cultural
You are a counselor at a State Vocational Rehabilitation agency. A 24 year old African American male is referred to you. He is 6 months post injury from an automobile accident, resulting in paraplegia (unable to walk and has no feeling below the waist). He is married with two children, but reports that he is considering leaving his wife as he can not be a "real man". Furthermore, he appears very despondent and reports little desire to return to work. He has come to see you to "please" his wife. Given the above information, answer the following: A. What are the primary issues that should be addressed initially? B. What social, psychological and cultural concerns should be considered when addressing these issues? C. From a multicultural perspective, describe the theoretical approach(es) that might best be utilized when working with this individual and explain why this approach is optimal.
2. Individual Evaluation and Assessment
The interview is a major tool in assessment, and two types of assessment that are interview-based are the "mental status examination" and the "psychosocial (biosocial) history". Identify the different areas (subject matter) that a counselor assesses or reviews in both: (a) the mental status examination, and (b) the psychosocial history. In your answer, be sure to list out the areas for each and briefly describe them.
3. Psychopathology
Mood disorders are among the most prevalent disorders encountered by rehabilitation and mental health professionals. With regard to this classification, do the following: (a) list all disorders in the classification; (b) describe standard pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy approaches for each disorder; and (c) discuss comorbidity issues implicated in the more severe disorders.
4. Career and Lifestyle Assessment
You are a counselor specializing in career counseling and have been referred
a white male and asked to determine his vocational potential in a workers
compensation action. A white male, 37 years old, married with three children,
was injured on the job. He experienced the amputation of both hands due to a
severe electrical shock and trauma. He had been employed as a lineman for the
City of
5. Counseling Skills
Explain the concept of Active Listening. What are some of the specific Active Listening skills? Give at least two case examples of how you have used Active Listening in a counseling situation.
6. Human Growth and Development
Describe the life span perspective of human growth and development. A. Specifically, what are the six psychosocial factors which influence mid life development? B. How can knowledge of the life span approach act as a framework for assessment and treatment in counseling?
7. Medical Aspects of Disability
For the body systems listed below, choose a specific disability representative of ONLY ONE of the systems and do the following: (a) outline the functional presentation (etiology, signs, symptoms) of the disorder; (b) describe treatment parameters and prognosis; (c) describe functional limitations imposed; and (d) discuss psychological and vocational implications: A. Cardiovascular or B. Musculoskeletal or C. Neurologic or D. Endocrine
8. Personality Theory
The counseling literature makes a distinction between approaches that are "counselor centered" and others that are more "client centered". Using Albert Ellis and Carl Rogers as representative examples of these two approaches, discuss: A. their respective theories; B. the counseling orientations that result from these theories; and C. a case example with an explanation of how each approach might handle this same case.
9. Human Sexuality
Define and describe the causes and treatment strategies for the following sexual dysfunctions: A. Rapid ejaculation B. Anorgasmia C. Low sexual desire for female or male What are the indicators that a referral to a certified sex therapist is needed?
10. Concepts and Applications
With regard to public and private sector vocational rehabilitation, please do the following: A. Discuss the emergence of public vocational rehabilitation B. Discuss the emergence of private sector rehabilitation. C. Thoroughly explain the way in which public and private sector rehabilitation practice differ in terms of philosophy, model(s) of practice/operation, clientele, credentials and training.
11. Counseling Theories and Practice
Assume that you are working as a counselor at a rehabilitation/mental health center, and the two following individual clients are referred to you. Mr. and Mrs. Jones have been seeing a marriage counselor, and their counselor has recommended that you work with them individually for the following reasons: John - has a job that occasionally is highly stressful. At home, with their three active children, life around the house at times is very stressful as well. When John experiences high stress, he uses alcohol to deal with it. Lately, however, he has been progressively drinking more and more, more than he wants to drink, and he is asking for some help with this difficulty. Mary, John's wife - is very kind and loving with John and their children. When John drinks, however, she says "He reminds me of my alcoholic father", and first she becomes withdrawn and then as time goes on she yells at John and becomes emotionally abusive to him. She does not like being this way and is asking for some help. Briefly answer the five following questions: 1. What theoretical approach would you suggest would be helpful in counseling John? 2. Why? 3. What theoretical approach would you suggest would be helpful in counseling Mary? 4. Why? 5. How could their individual issues constitute a "dance" in their relationship?
12. Legal, Ethical, Professional Standards and Issues in Counseling
Describe a real or fictitious community agency. Base your description on counseling theory, research, leadership style, governmental concerns, funding, and practice. Discuss how the community, professional organizations, state politics, and individual training effect the agency atmosphere. All of these factors will vary based on the agencies' goals, population, and type of funding. You can do this by making a drawing, diagram, or whatever seems well organized. Take into consideration: 1. Goal of agency 2. Target population 3. Funding (private/public/nonprofit) 4. Organizational structure 5. Theoretical model for therapy 6. Qualifications of staff 7. Location 8. Other
Previous Comprehensive Examination Questions
November 15, 2003
1.(a) Compare and contrast the
1973 Rehabilitation Act, the 1990 Americans With Disabilities Act, and the 1998
Workforce Investment Act. (b) Discuss the relationship of each of the above
pieces of legislation to the concepts of:
2. As you consider and review your own counseling skills "toolbox", list at least five of what you consider to be the most important of those interpersonal counseling skills and give an example of each from your own counseling experience.
3.You have just accepted a position as a counselor in an urban inner city mental health center. A primary function is to facilitate a parenting group for young single parents. The demographic make up of the group is primarily African American and Hispanic women. Many of the group members have significant others who are affiliated with rival "gangs" in the community.
1. What expectations do you have for your own performance as a counselor in this setting? 2. Do you anticipate any issues in establishing a relationship with these individuals? 3. What issues concerning the formation of the group would you anticipate? Address issues related to group theory concerning the group's structure, purpose, counselor role and member's role and defend your choice of theory. 4. What specific issues concerning parenting and culture would you anticipate from the members of this group?
4. (a) Identify the disorders included in the Anxiety Disorders classification in the DSM IV. (b) Choose either social phobia or post-traumatic stress disorder and do the following: 1. Describe the essential features for the disorder. 2. Briefly describe comorbidity issues. 3. Briefly describe treatment (psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy) and rehabilitation considerations.
5. Regarding sexual dysfunctions, please identify and describe: 1. The different types of sexual dysfunctions. 2. The causes of each dysfunction. 3. The most effective modalities to treat each dysfunction. Define and describe the PLISSIT model for helping individuals and couples deal with sexual concerns. How does a mental health counselor determine when it is appropriate to refer a client or couple to a certified sex therapist?
6. Counselors dealing with clients who have a substance abuse issue find that many of these clients evade or deny outright any need for help whenever they are approached, and are generally resistant to entering any type of treatment program. One of the best tools to have the client accept the reality of the need for treatment is an intervention. In Vernon Johnson's text, I'll Quit Tomorrow, he addresses the dynamics of intervention. Please (1) discuss the planning for an effective intervention; (2) outline the several basic points that should be included; and (3) the reasons that each point is important.
7. It has been said, "All psychology is a footnote to Freud." This refers both to the fact that many of Freud's ideas have become a part of psychology and psychotherapy as well as the fact that so many other's ideas, also a part of psychology and psychotherapy, are a reaction to Freud. A. Describe the tripartite anatomy of the personality according to Freud? B. What are some of Freud's ideas that have become a part of psychology and psychotherapy? C. What are some of the criticisms of Freud? D. How did Dr. Berne modify and make more palatable some of Freud's ideas in his theory of Transactional Analysis?
8. Rheumatic diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Lyme's Disease, myofascial pain syndrome/fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome) are induced by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites), effect soft parts of the musculoskeletal system, and share many characteristic symptoms and signs, functional limitations, and psychosocial issues. Considering these diseases as a whole, not individually, do the following: (g) List 3 symptoms and signs, 2 functional limitations, and 1 psychosocial problem experienced by people who have rheumatic diseases. (h) Identify 2 medical treatment modalities (either traditional or alternative medicine) which are currently being used with these illnesses. (i) Address counseling considerations relevant to persons with these disorders.
9. Consider the two following counseling theorists: Carl
Rogers and Eric Berne. In a short essay, answer the three following questions:
1. How and in what ways are
10. When (under what circumstances) is a mental status examination (evaluation) needed and when is it not needed with a client? What areas are typically covered in a mental status examination? Identify and describe the different areas of functioning that are reviewed and what the counselor is looking for in each.
11. A research institute at USF is proposing to implement then evaluate EMDR therapy with persons who demonstrate pseudo/psychogenic seizures, a form of conversion disorder. Grant funding is being requested from the National Institute of Health/Institute of Medicine for this study. Identify four (4) ethical issues/rules that must be addressed in the proposal and describe why these issues would be important for both the participants and researchers involved.
12. A group passes through various stages of development as it progresses. Theorists use different terminology to identify these stages such as: a) formation/orientation, b) transition, c) working/advanced, d) termination (though these stages are not discrete and neatly separated in practice). Discuss: 1. the various characteristics of each stage; 2. the central task of group membership at each stage, and; 3. the leader function in each stage
Previous Comprehensive Examination Questions
March 22, 2002
--Discuss the current impact of the
--You are a counselor at a counseling center on a predominately White college campus. You meet with an African American client (male) who walks in without an appointment. The student is angry over recent racial incidents targeted at African Americans that have occurred on campus, and is considering dropping out of school. You know that since this has occurred, many Black students have complained that White teachers have singled them out in their classes with questions about the incidents. They also have overheard racial jokes directed toward Blacks told by White students, and have noticed an increase in racial graffiti. Your client reports as having experienced each of these incidents and is asking your assistance in helping to stop such racial oppression. (A)How would you respond? (B)How would you help your client deal with his negative experiences? (C)How might your own values, beliefs, and experiences hinder or help you in this counseling situation?
--Consider the issues associated with the following two clients: Amy, a 31-year old single parent, junior high school math teacher, in recovery, is struggling a bit with her gambling addiction. And, Brett, a 43-year old plumber's helper, divorced, in recovery, and struggling a bit with his occasional/situational alcohol abuse. Briefly, yet cogently, answer the following three questions: (A)How and why could an Aaron Beck approach be helpful in counseling with Amy? (B)How and why could a Dollard and Miller approach be helpful in counseling with Brett? (C)How and why could a Rogerian approach be helpful in counseling with both of them?
--For the body systems listed below, choose a specific disability representative of three of the five listed below and do the following: (a) outline the functional presentation (etiology, signs, symptoms) of the disorder; (b) describe treatment parameters and prognosis; (c) describe functional limitations imposed; and (d) discuss psychological and vocational implications. -cardiovascular -musculoskeletal -neurological -endocrine -hemic-lymphatic
--The American Psychiatric Association has recognized that early childhood trauma produces a spectrum of mental health disorders (e.g., anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders and personality disorders) in adult life. The interview is an important tool in understanding the nature and development of presenting problems, and in diagnosing these disorders. With regard to these facts, do the following: (A)identify 3 specific disorders which can be considered traumatic syndromes, i.e. have an origin in trauma, and list the essential characteristics of each; (B)identify and describe the areas covered in both of the following interview procedures that might be used to assess these disorders: (1) Mental Status Evaluation. What areas are assessed and when is it necessary to have this type of assessment? (2) Psychosocial or Psychobiosocial History. What areas are covered and when is it important to have this type of information? (C)briefly describe recommended treatment approaches (including practice standards provided such standards have been developed)
--Create a client/counselor dialogue starting with the client presenting a problem. Give examples in this dialogue (and label them as such) of the counselor using the following: • a paraphrase • a feeling reflection • an open question • a closed question • an informal question • an encouraging response
--Sandra, 32, is seeking counseling due to a long history of difficulty with intimate relationships. At the initial session, you learn she has dated since 11th grade, has plenty of friends, and was engaged but broke it off about six months ago. Sandra is an attractive, college-educated woman who enjoys a successful professional life but believes something special is missing. She acknowledges a good deal of anxiety about sex. In fact, she has experienced an orgasm only a few times in her life. She notes embarrassment and guilt when it comes to sex. When asked about her expectations about counseling, Sandra replies in a vague manner (i.e., I want to learn about myself, or I'd like to more open sexually.) Please answer the following questions regarding the counseling process: (A)What approaches, assignments and/or strategies might be employed with this client? And, (B)since the family is the original blueprint for love and attachment, what do you want to learn about her early family experiences?
--Ostracism (i.e., deliberately ignoring, excluding, bullying, shunning, rejecting, giving the silent treatment to) is an interpersonal strategy with a punitive motive and is frequently used to retaliate on whistle blowers; angry partners; those who deviate from the rules or do not conform to group expectations; and/or those who are different by virtue of race, ethnicity, or disability. Research evidence suggest that either perpetrating ostracism (the source) or enduring it (the target) has both psychological and physiological costs and powerful consequences. Identify a current social issue in our society, and do the following: (a)identify 2 research designs/models (one quantitative and one qualitative) which could be used to empirically study this issue; (b)briefly describe your ethical responsibilities in carrying out research dealing with this issue; (c)speculate about how results of research on this topic could be of benefit to rehabilitation and mental health counseling.
--The history of psychology has sometimes been described as consisting of three waves - psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic psychology. (a)Describe a personality theory from each wave (be sure to indicate why and how you think it belongs in that wave); (b)Compare and contrast the three in terms of what you would consider to be the strengths and weaknesses of each.
--Both Life Span and Vocational phenomena have strong developmental components. Choose and answer one of the following questions (you do not need to do both): (a)Identify and describe the eight stages of human development elaborated by Erik Erikson. What major challenges are faced in each stage of development? (b)Identify and describe three different theories of career development (vocational development of the individual).
Previous Comprehensive Examination Questions
November 16, 2001
--Persons with cogenital musculoskeletal/orthopedic impairments (such as osteogenesis imperfecta, Marfan's Syndrome, osteochondrodysplasias (dwarfism), kyphosis, limb amputations or contractures, or absence of individual muscles or groups of muscles) have life long problems with bone or joint deformities and fractures, deficiencies in elements that produce bone, and soft tissue webbing. Most of these persons have normal intelligence. Suppose a person with one of these disabilities is coming to USF as an undergraduate student and will live in one of the dorms. Also suppose that you are in charge of meeting the student's disability needs on campus. Do the following: (A)Briefly.describe 3 functional limitations that you would expect to see; (B)Based on these functional limitations, what dorm room, classroom, and other environmental accommodations would you arrange for? (D)Describe the learning accommodations that USF faculty would be expected to make in this student's behalf.
--Mr. Silverman is a 40 year old white male, living with his girlfriend. Mr. Silverman had been employed as a masonry helper for 20 years when he injured his back in a slip and fall accident at the construction site. His job duties included doing finishing work after the mason had laid the block, mixing mortar, and doing some carpentry and painting. The injury to his back rsulted in a large herniated disc at the right L4 - 5 and bulging at L5 -S1. Restrictions reported by his physician include: lifting/carrying - 20 lbs. occasionally; bending- occasionally; squatting - occasionally; no overhead reaching on a regular basis; and position changes every hour. Mr. Silverman has a pre-existing condition that includes a head injury from an automobile accident approximately 20 years ago. He fractured his skull and was in a coma for a period of time. He remained in a rehabilitation hospital for approximately one year following the accident and reports short- term memory loss as a result of this accident. Mr. Silverman indicates that he has very little physical discomfort and takes aspirin as needed. He also reported that he mows lawns and does yard work to earn money. Mr. Silverman did not complete high school and does not possess a GED. His TABS scores indicate a reading level of 3.6, math level of 2.1, and a language level of 4.7 . Mr. Silverman does not have a history of alcohol or drug abuse and does not have any prior felony convictions. He has not identified a particular job or vocational interest; he simply states "I want a job, any job, as soon as possible." (a) Discuss Mr. Silverman's vocational strengths and weaknesses. (b) Develop an individual Plan for Employment for Mr. Silverman. (c) Based on the current labor market, what are your concerns regarding Mr. Silverman's vocational outlook?
--Persons with Cluster B personality disorders are especially difficult to counsel, have a personal relationship with, supervise, work for, or work with. Do the following with regard to these disorders: A) Identify the disorders included in Cluster B and list at least 2 essential features of each; B) How does a counselor identify if a personality disorder is present? What methods, procedures, and test might be helpful in the assessment and evaluation of personality disorders? C) Describe pharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic approaches which should be considered in a treatment plan.
--Consider each of the following four: 1. Beck 2. Dollard & Miller 3. Meichenbaum 4. Rogers Consider conducting and in-depth, intake counseling session with each of the following two individuals: Walter, age 34, a lawyer by profession, got out of alcohol detox two days ago and comes to see you today because, as he tells you, "At discharge I told the social worker that I wanted to fix it this time." She said that I would need to see a counselor and that I was scheduled to see you today." Theresa, age 35, a high school math teacher by profession, has been abstinent for the past year, has been attending AA meetings regularly, and comes to see you today because, as she tells you, "I have a number of personal issues associated with my alcoholism that I want to address." In terms of your conducting an in-depth, intake counseling session with both Walter and Theresa, explain why each of the above four theorists (theoretical approaches) would probably be: (A) appropriate or inappropriate? (B) Why? (for each theorist)
--You are working at a "boot camp" type correctional facility with a large number of adolescent African American males inmates, most of whom are from large urban areas. (a) Do you believe these young men will avail themselves to counseling? Why or why not? (b) What psychosocial, developmental needs can you anticipate? How will you attempt to fulfill those needs? (c) To encourage change in African American male adolescents in such a setting, what should the role of the group facilitator be and why? What should the structure be and why? Give examples of specific interventions that should be considered.
--The Behavioral Technology Institute at the
--Define the concept "Informed Choice" and explain its role in the
vocational rehabilitation process. --Trace the history of Informed Choice via
all associated federal legislation. --Discuss the current and future impact of
privatization on the delivery of vocational rehabilitation services and
rehabilitation counselors in the state of
Previous Comprehensive Examination Questions
March 23, 2001
--Compare and contrast quantitative and qualitative research. Include in your discussion (a) identifying characteristics of each (i.e., how, samples are obtained or formed, variables that are the focus of attention, intent or functional knowledge gained from each); (b) methods/designs used in each including validity issues and how data are analyzed; (c) outcomes and uses of same; and (d) the researcher's role or perspective in each type. Cite an example of each, which you discovered in the published literature in rehabilitation or mental health or addictions.
--Explain the concepts of validity and reliability as they relate to tests and measurement. Why are these concepts important? Identify and define the different types of validity and reliability.
--Persons with dual diagnosis (physical and psychiatric) present complex treatment, rehabilitation, and recovery (long term) challenges to the rehabilitation/mental health/ addictions professional. For two of the dual diagnosis combinations below, describe (a) essential characteristics of the disorders; (b) practice standards, if any; (c) psychosocial and vocational implications; (d) services and resources you would use or refer to which are currently available in the Greater Tampa Bay area; and (e) barriers or obstacles to services such as lack of program access. a. Traumatic brain injury with cognitive deficits, post traumatic epilepsy, and neuropsychiatric sequelae such as frontal lobe syndrome; b. Spinal cord injury and substance abuse; c. Low back injury with resultant chronic pain disorder; d. AIDS, major depression, and early dementia; e. Burn injuries with post operative/treatment PTSD
--Thoroughly discuss the three primary reasons multicultural counseling issues are included in the Rehabilitation and Mental Health counseling curricula.
--Explain the psychosocial process of adjusting to an adventitious, physical disability. How Does this process differ for persons from ethnic minority backgrounds?
--Define each of the following: Vocational Evaluation Transferable Skills Analysis Labor Market Survey a.Thoroughly explain how each of the above activities are conducted and describe the resources or tools necessary for their completion. b.Contrast the role and responsibilities of the counselor and client in each of the above activities.
--Robert is 21 years old and a high school graduate. He was born and raised in the midwest, the only child of a strict domineering father who worked as a police captain and a passive mother who worked as a secretary for the police department. Robert described his relationship with his father as "volatile - we always argued and nothing I did was good enough". During one such argument, Robert's father suffered a massive heart attack and subsequently died. A few months later, Robert's fiancee called off their engagement. Robert attempted suicide - using one of his father's guns, he pointed the gun to his right temple and pulled the trigger. he remained comatose for 4 to 5 months before regaining consciousness. His mother, "mortified by shame", refused to see or speak to Robert. Robert left the midwest and traveled south where he has maintained himself with odd jobs. Robert not sleeping well, behaviorally impulsive, and lonely. he has no support system in this area. He expresses a desire to build a new life, have a job and friends, and to settle some place where he will "fit". Now, do the following: a.Using the 5 axial model, complete a diagnosis for Robert. b.Briefly describe standard key elements of a treatment plan you would develop in his behalf. c.Estimate his long term prognosis, citing reasons/factors for the same.
--Consider the two following counseling theorist: Eric Berne and Aaron Beck.
In a short essay, answer the three following questions: 1.How and in what ways
are
--Describe the impact of social and political influences on the development of rehabilitation counseling prior to 1900? Identify and describe the significant legislative initiatives since 1900, that established Vocational Rehabilitation as a profession? How do you see the Americans with Disabilities Act impacting the profession of rehabilitation counseling in the next 10 years?
Previous Comprehensive Examination Questions
November 17, 2000
--Throughout the rehabilitation literature there exist numerous models which attempts to explain adjustment to disability. There are also a series of basic assumptions which the various "Stage Models" share. Below are three such assumptions. Thoroughly but cogently, explain the following assumptions: A. The impact of a sudden physical disability creates alterations in the individual's psychological equilibrium. A state of disequilibrium results with gradual attempts at achieving a renewed equivalent to the so-called final adjustment, adaptation, reorganization, or reintegration. B. The onset of a traumatic event has a sudden, unexpected, and massively extensive effect on the person's life. C. In order for the individual to adapt to an altered body, including imposed physical limitations, certain changes are expected in his/her body image, self-concept and personal identity.
-- In many ways, Abraham Maslow's personality theory is in direct contrast to Sigmund Freud's. Outline each theory and explain why this is so with specific reference to the following: l. a pathology model vs. a potential model 2. biological determinism vs. free will 3. optimism vs. pessimism
-- It has been suggested that it is important for professional counselors to be knowledgeable about research and research methodologies. 1. Give a good reason as to how and why knowledge in research will help a counselor be more professional; and 2. Give a specific example of how and why knowledge in research will help a counselor be a better counselor.
--Arthritis is a category which includes disease such as Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus, and Fibromyalgia, all of which are increasing in incidence and prevalence and all of which are particularly disabling for young women. With regard to each of these diseases, do the following: 1. Describe characteristics of each disease as well as treatment and rehabilitation protocols. 2. Describe functional, psychosocial, and vocational challenges posed by each disease.
--Explain the role possible uses of the MMPI-2 in the assessment and diagnosis of pychopathology. When would a counselor want to have results from this test? What information does the test provide (i.e., scales), and what assurances or checks are there that the test results are valid? What other instruments might a counselor choose to assess psychopathology beyond the MMPI-2?
--Ricki Martin is a 50 year old disabled veteran in Spring Hill; he lives with his wife and 2 children. He has 18 years experience owning and managing a diving business. Due to a war related gunshot wound which pierced his lungs, he began experiencing difficulty breathing under water and could no longer continue in his diving business. In addition to the lung condition, he has arthritis in the left shoulder and was diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in 1987. He currently takes Prozac (40mg. per day) and sporadically attends an anger anagement/PTSD support group. Mr. Martin stopped working eight months ago and his savings account is almost depleted. His functional limitations are described as follows: Diff